NAZİ ALMANYASI VE ADOLF HITLER'İN BİLİNMEYENLERİ [ TR - EN ]
Aşırı sağcı
ve ırkçı olan Hitler'in Nazi rejimi de bu görüşleriyle paralel doğrultudadır.
Almanya'nın politikalarını radikal bir şekilde değiştiren Naziler Yahudi
karşıtı yasalar çıkartmakla kalmamış, eğitimde ırkçı bir politika benimsemiştir
ve hatta eşcinselliği yasaklamışlardır. Aynı zamanda devletin tüm alanlarını
kontrol etmek için totaliter bir yapı kurmuşlardır. Totaliter kontrolü sağlamak
için kullanılan en önemli yöntemlerden biri propagandalardır. Nazi rejimi ırkçı
politikası doğrultusunda başta Yahudiler olmak üzere diğer azınlıklara karşı
soykırım politikaları izlemiş onları kamplara toplamış ve holokost
uygulamışlardır. Ekonomik açıdan savaşa hazırlık olarak tüm yatırımlarını
Almanya'nın askeri altyapısına ve silah üretimi üzerine yapmışlardır.
İç
politikada halkı propaganda ile totalite altına alan Nazi yönetimi dış
politikada Hitler'in yayılımcı politikasını temel almışlardır. Hitler 1936’da
Berlin Olimpiyatları’nı açmıştır. Nazi Almanya'sı 1936 Olimpiyatları’nı
propaganda amaçlı kullanmıştır. 1936 Olimpiyatları Almanya’nın hem kış hem de
yaz olimpiyatlarına ev sahipliği yaptığı ender örneklerden biri olmuştur. Amaç
Yahudiler ile Romanlara karşı büyüyen militarizmi maskeleyip güçlü ve birleşik
bir Almanya imajı çizmektir. Almanya'nın komşu ülkelere yönelik yaptığı işgal
politikaları II. Dünya Savaşına yol açmıştır (1 Eylül 1939 Nazi Almanyası’nın
Polonya’yı işgali.). Ve bu durum bölgesel ve küresel dengeleri kökten
değiştirmiştir. Adolf Hitler, Almanya'daki ya da Almanya'ya bağlı bölgelerdeki
sağlık kuruluşlarında yaşayan zihinsel ya da fiziksel engellilerin sistematik
olarak öldürülmesini öngören "ötenazi" programı için gizli bir yetki belgesi
imzalamıştır (Ocak 1940). Hitler'in sistematik bir toplu katliam programı için
yetki belgesi imzaladığı tek örnek bu olmuştur. Nazi yönetiminin holokost (1941’de
resmileşmiştir.) gibi insanlık suçları Dünya çapında büyük yankı uyandırmıştır.
Bu durum II. Dünya Savaşından sonra uluslararası toplumun şekillenmesinde
etkili olmuştur. Sonuç olarak Hitler izlediği ideoloji ve politika sonucunda
sadece Almanya dengelerini değil tüm dünya dengelerini değiştirmiştir.
NAZI GERMANY AND UNKNOWNS OF ADOLF HITLER
Adolf Hitler was born on April 30, 1889, in the town of Braunau Am Inn in Upper Austria, where the population was predominantly German, as the son of Alois Hitler, a customs official. Contrary to popular belief, he does not have Jewish ancestry. His name in old German means 'noble wolf' (Adolf= Adel + Wolf). Among his relatives, he was nicknamed 'Adi,' but after 1920, Hitler adopted the nickname 'Wolf.' Hitler enjoyed reading the books of Karl May during his high school days. He constantly clashed with his father, who wanted him to become a civil servant, as he aspired to become an artist. However, he could not fulfill this dream. He lost his father to a lung hemorrhage at the age of 13. After squandering the large inheritance left by his father and becoming impoverished, Hitler began staying in homeless shelters in Vienna. Subsequently, in May 1913, he moved to the city of Munich in Germany and enrolled in the German army a year later. Hitler was partially blinded in a mustard gas attack near the city of Ypres in Belgium during World War I, which deeply affected him.
In 1920, the party adopted the name National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), and Hitler ascended to the party's leadership in 1921. He then bestowed upon himself the title of 'Führer.' Adolf Hitler was a national socialist (far-right), authoritarian, anti-Marxist, anti-democratic, and a pan-German nationalist. In this direction, he wrote the book 'Mein Kampf'. He held extreme racist and anti-Semitic views, advocating for the superiority of the Aryan race. Consequently, he adopted an aggressive stance in politics.
Alongside Adolf Hitler, other prominent figures of the Nazi
regime included Joseph Goebbels and Heinrich Himmler.
Hitler's Nazi
regime, which was also far-right and racist, aligned with his views. The Nazis
radically changed Germany's policies, not only enacting anti-Jewish laws but
also implementing a racist agenda in education and even banning homosexuality.
They established a totalitarian structure to control all aspects of the state,
utilizing propaganda as a crucial tool. Following their racist policies, the
Nazi regime pursued genocide against minorities, primarily Jews, by rounding
them up in camps and carrying out the Holocaust. Economically, they directed
all investments towards Germany's military infrastructure and armament in
preparation for war.
Internally, the
Nazi government subjugated the populace through propaganda, while externally,
they pursued Hitler's expansionist policies. Hitler inaugurated the Berlin
Olympics in 1936, which Nazi Germany utilized for propaganda purposes. The 1936
Olympics, hosted by Germany for both the summer and winter events, aimed to
mask the growing militarism against Jews and Roma, presenting an image of a
strong and united Germany. Germany's policy of invasion towards neighboring
countries led to the outbreak of World War II (September 1, 1939, Nazi
Germany's invasion of Poland), fundamentally altering regional and global
balances. Adolf Hitler signed a secret authorization document in January 1940,
sanctioning the systematic killing of mentally or physically disabled
individuals residing in health institutions in Germany or German-controlled
territories, under the "euthanasia" program. This remains the only
documented instance of Hitler authorizing a systematic mass killing program.
The Nazi regime's crimes against humanity, such as the Holocaust (formally
initiated in 1941), garnered significant international attention, shaping the
post-World War II international landscape. Ultimately, Hitler's ideology and
policies not only changed the balance of power in Germany but also globally.
As the defeat of Germany in the war became certain, Hitler, surviving an assassination attempt orchestrated by military and civilian officials in 1944, decided to commit suicide on April 30, 1945, in Berlin, along with his wife Eva Braun. They locked themselves in a room, where Eva Braun ingested a capsule containing cyanide, resulting in instant death, followed by Hitler biting into a cyanide capsule and simultaneously shooting himself in the right temple with a pistol. Following his wishes, their bodies were doused with gasoline and burned in a bomb crater in the garden of the Führerbunker. It is claimed that Hitler's motive for this act was to avoid being captured and publicly humiliated by the Soviet army. Before his suicide, Hitler reportedly told his accompanying generals, 'You must never hand over my body to the Russians; they will make a spectacle in Moscow with it.' Ultimately, Hitler's ideology and policies not only changed the balance of power in Germany but also globally.
KAYNAKÇA - SOURCES
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/tr/article/adolf-hitler-key-dates
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/akader/issue/40154/414654
http://ecider.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/tr/pub/issue/38391/450186
https://alternatifpolitika.com/makale/arsiv-belgelerine-gore-1933-yili-turkiye-almanya-iliskileri
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/tr/article/foundations-of-the-nazi-state
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