A FAILURE OF BILATERISM BETWEEN IRAN AND UNITED STATES IN THE REALISM PERSPECTIVE
In the realism perspective, states have different politics regarding to different matters but obviously most of the time the issues somehow can be resolved respectively. On the above of good diplomacy between the two countries, so they do not even represent themselves. This article, therefore, examines the historical, the political and the main relations between the two countries that will basically enlighten in more details and eventually the two countries are neither the same country nor sharing the same borders so how can these two countries influence each others in militarily, politically and bilaterally ?
Finally, in August 2018, Ali Khameni did not allow direct talks with the United States. Therefore, the problems of the two countries perpetuate unsolved problems in the Middle East and pose a serious threat to international security. Since Iran and the USA have a different regime, it is difficult to have the same definition of state and the same understanding of state sovereignty.
Since the radical Islamic revolution the tensions between Iran and United States has escalated repeatedly in the previous four decades and however they have been allies before. With the pressure of Western countries like USA and UK Mohammad Shah signed the consortium agreement in 1954 that give opportunity of USA , Iran and British companies 40% of Iran nationalized oil for 25 years. By the time the two countries signed the corporation concerning civil use of atoms agreement was the developing countries can receive the nuclear education and technologies from United States later USA provides Iran with a reactor and weapons to enrich uranium fuel. At the beginning of a revolution of 1979 this collaboration has unfortunately ended. This paper is going to examine the historically background of Iran and USA in the realism perspective and why the countries are enemies and when their relations start deteriorating .
Faced with a ruthless enemy, USA mobilized a number of political instruments, which ultimately resulted in a complete political, military and economic containment of Iran . However, some exchanges continued through the first decade of the Revolutionary
Administration, as did the occasional engagement efforts of the USA including then the Reagan era secret arms sales on the former president’s suggestion. The former President GEORGE BUSH stated ‘’ goodwill creates goodwill ‘’ when opening in Tehran, inclusive. Speaking of goodwill did not result in clear political decisions, and Iran’s policy, which changed after ceasefire with Iraq following the death of the messianic leader of the revolution . Ayatollah Khomeini in 1989 did nothing to change Iran’s hostility. During the Kuwait led, USA led liberation, President CLİNTON faced an Iranian regime that used pragmatic tactics such as constructive discord, but dogmatically adhered to the destruction of Israel and the acquisition of unconventional weapons.
The Iranian conflict, particularly is the Arab Israeli peace process, has triggered stricter US sanctions under the little of ‘’ Double Containment’’ by the Clinton administration of Iran and Iraq. The president's laws and policies aimed at reducing government revenues effectively severed most of the remaining economic ties with Iran in the mid-1990s. Due to diplomatic pressure, in particular through the law of 1996 on IranLibya sanctions (ILSA), Washington sought to extend its adherence to its international embargo, which already threatened with secondary sanctions against those who insist on investing in Iran's energy sector.
Although the United States of America efforts to isolate Iran economically cooperation between Europe and Iran's other trading partners have proven difficult but seriously undermined. Roughly 85% of Iranian government revenue sources originating from oil exports and given the volatility of the oil market, US sanctions have had a negligible impact on Iran's export earnings and limited impact on its development at macroeconomic era.
Whereas Iran launched concerting international initiatives which enhances bilateralism and financial relations with Union European countries, Arab states, Japan and without the problematic policies with relaxing in the Persian Gulf.
The historical background of Iran - US conflict started when the Islamic republic of Iran cut relations with British government over the control of its oil which was totally under the control of Britain as at the time oil was discovered in Iran and in retaliation for the blow suffered, they employed different tactics to drag United states to save them through CIA agents who did everything possible topple the democratically elected prime minister known as Mohamed Mosaddeq in 1953 and then imposed their stooge Shah as head of government of Iran for many years and this has led to the return of oil control back to the British government with full backing support of United states and its CIA agents, in the process Mohamed Mosaddeq was arrested, detained for more than 3 years and later died in detention. The secular leader had sought to nationalize Iran's oil industry which would no longer benefit the interest of British government and the west because their economy depends solely on Iran's oil to develop its social infrastructure ,after the coup ,US government helped shah government to set up squads which are loyal to president shah and he was using them to victimize opponents to his government and after the people endured shah regime for some years ,revolution struck his government with the help of Islamic cleric known as Ayatollah Khomeini who returned from exile in 1979 as well as Iranian university students stormed United states embassy in Tehran and held 52 diplomats in hostage until the emergence of Ronan Regan who ensured their release from Iran. Particularly in 2002, the opposition divulged to the world power that Iran is developing a nuclear weapon facility and also more precisely including a uranium enrichment plant. With the accusation of USA against Iran of proliferation nuclear weapons in which Iran practically repudiates. More than a decade of a failed diplomatic relations between the two countries and stealthy Iranian engagement with UN’s nuclear watching follows so not only that enormous round of sanctions are levied by the UN, therefore the United States and the European Union practically in opposition to ultra-conservative at the head of state Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s government.
This causes Iran's currency to lose two-thirds of its value in two years and to be precise, since 1979 revolution Iran has been facing stiffer economic sanctions orchestrated by United states in order to punish Iran for his sin and despite that Iran has adopted to retaliate by spreading its proxy across the middle east in order to fight back the west from Lebanon, Yemen, Iraq, Syria, Palestine where they have militia group of fully armed, trained by Iran forces attacking us allies and its installations across the middle east and sometimes Iran has threatened to block the strait of Hormoz where 30% of world oil is passing in the Persian gulf.
Astonishingly when a new president has been elected Hassan Rouhani, so after some weeks, he and the United President Barack Obama at that time speak on phone and historically it was the first top level conversation in more than three decades. After that in 2015, Iran accepts a long-term agreement to its nuclear program with a group of world leaders as knowing such France, United Kingdom, Germany, China, Russia and the United of America and this event occurred after a swirl diplomatic pursuit. During the tenure of Barack Obama administration based on the accord, Iran therefore accepts to restrict its nuclear weapon activities in order to permit the international inspectors in exchange for lifting the economy that Iran is faced, In May 2018, abruptly the president of American Donald Trump renounced before relocating economic sanctions directly against Iran and menacing to do the same to the countries, firms that carry on with buying its own oil. and thus, Iran’s economy decreased drastically and turned into a deep recession.
The bilateralism between the two countries focusing on Iran’ s oil exports. Moreover, in response to the sanctions of USA, Iran therefore commences a counter pressure campaign exporting its own oil to sanction other countries like Venezuela, Syria and Yemen to offset us declared threat. Additionally, in May and June 2019, after the explosions hit badly six oil tankers in the Gulf of Oman and directly United States accuses Iran of doing without any tangible proof. Reciprocally On 20 June, Iran soldier forces shoot from up to down a US military drone over the Strait of Hormuz zone. Explosions hit six tankers in the Gulf of Oman in May and June 2019 and the United States blames Iran.
A US military drone was shot down by the Iranian armed forces in the Strait of Hormuz on June 20. The US says it was over international waters, but Iran says it is over their territory and again there's tension on 3rd January 2020 when the US drone killed Iran's general Qassim Soleimani, and Iran retaliated by striking US base in Iraq as a way of showing capacity to target any US troops and its bases across the middle and Iran promised to expel all of the military forces in the middle as long as United states continue its aggression against Iran. Upon knowing that from realism perspective the goals of state is well oriented and so consistent hence USA are almost omnipresent around the world precisely in the middle east hence USA aim to preserve its interest even though there are no official relations between the two countries. States as self agents, both countries have to survive in their own way so eventually they mhave to maximize their benefits too.
Conclusions Actually, the main objective of United States of American intervention in Iran was to prevent nonproliferation of nuclear weapons and also to benefit from Iran. Historically these two countries were good friends and still they can become a good friends, instead the both nowadays decided to be enemies. Lifting the economic sanctions which is the biggest matter that Iran is faced, and their relations could be back and obviously Iran will also alter in foreign policy towards United States therefore the game will be win-win. According to the American Iranian Council, US deliver more sensible supposition regarding to Iran’s power and objective. Eventually we need to understand that from realism perspective that there are no permanent allies, no permanent friends but only there are only permanent interests.
References
U.S. Relations With Iran. (2021). Https://Www.Cfr.Org. https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-relations-iran1953-2021 Maloney, S. (2021). America and Iran: From Containment to Coexistence. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/research/america-and-iran-from-containment-to-coexistence/ Mehdi, S. Z. (2021). Will Biden bury the hatchet with Iran? Https://Www.Aa.Com.Tr/En. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/will-biden-bury-the-hatchet-with-iran/2121114 Stein, A. (2021). Reciprocity and Coercion: Ending the Downturn in U.S.-Iran Relations. Foreign Policy Website. https://www.fpri.org/article/2021/03/reciprocity-and-coercionending-the-downturn-in-u-s-iran-relations/ U.S. Relations With Iran. (2021). Https://Www.Cfr.Org/Timelines. https://www.cfr.org/timelines US-Iran relations: A brief history. (2020). Https://Www.Bbc.Com/.
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